Class 9 Social Science – Elections | Original Visual Revision Notes

📝 Section 1 — Classroom Notes

1.1 Why We Need Elections

People pick their leaders by voting.
Elections happen after a fixed time.
Leaders must listen to the people.
Bad leaders can be voted out.
Voting gives power to all people.
It makes the country fair for all.

1.2 First Past The Post (FPTP)

India uses the FPTP voting method.
The person with most votes wins.
Each area picks only one winner.
You do not need half the votes.
Even one extra vote can make you win.
This way is simple and easy to count.

1.3 Proportional Representation

Some elections use a different method.
Seats match the share of votes.
Rajya Sabha uses this type of voting.
The President is also picked this way.
Small parties can also win some seats.
It gives a fairer result overall.

1.4 Constituency and Delimitation

The country is split into small areas.
Each area is called a constituency.
Lok Sabha has 543 constituencies in all.
A commission draws the area borders.
Each area has nearly equal people.
Borders are redrawn after some years.

1.5 Election Commission of India (ECI)

ECI runs all the elections in India.
It makes sure elections are fair.
A Chief Election Commissioner leads it.
The government cannot control the ECI.
ECI can cancel unfair elections.
It watches over parties and leaders.

1.6 Who Can Vote

Any Indian aged 18 or more can vote.
Your name must be on the voter list.
Rich or poor, every vote is equal.
No one is stopped because of religion.
Each person gets only one vote.
The voter list is updated each year.

1.7 Standing for Election

Any voter can stand for an election.
You must be 25 years or older.
You fill a form called nomination.
A small fee must be paid too.
Party members or free people can stand.
Criminals are not allowed to stand.

1.8 Campaigning

Parties tell people their plans and ideas.
They hold big meetings and rallies.
Posters and banners are put up.
Leaders go door to door asking votes.
Campaign stops two days before voting.
No one can give money for votes.

1.9 Voting Day and EVMs

People go to a polling booth to vote.
They press a button on the EVM.
EVM means Electronic Voting Machine.
A paper slip comes out from VVPAT.
This slip shows which button you pressed.
Voting is secret. No one can see it.

1.10 Model Code of Conduct

Rules that parties must follow in elections.
No leader can misuse government power.
No free gifts to get votes.
No bad words about other religions.
Leaders cannot use army or police unfairly.
ECI punishes anyone who breaks rules.

✏️ Section 3 — Worked Examples

Example 1: Finding the Winner in FPTP

Four people stand in an election.

1 Anu gets 5000 votes.

2 Raj gets 4000 votes.

3 Meera gets 3000 votes.

4 Sam gets 2000 votes.

5 Total votes are 14000.

6 Anu has the most votes (5000).

Answer: Anu wins. She got the most votes.

Example 2: Who Can Vote?

Look at these people and decide.

1 Ravi is 19 years old. He is Indian.

2 Is he 18 or older? Yes!

3 Is his name on the voter list? Yes!

4 Priya is 16 years old.

5 Is she 18 or older? No!

Answer: Ravi can vote. Priya cannot vote yet.

Example 3: Model Code of Conduct

A leader gives free TVs before voting day.

1 Giving gifts for votes is not allowed.

2 The code says no free gifts.

3 This breaks the election rules.

4 ECI can take action on this leader.

Answer: This breaks the Model Code of Conduct.

Term	Meaning
Election	People vote to pick their leaders.
FPTP	Most votes wins the seat.
Constituency	A small area that picks one leader.
ECI	Body that runs all Indian elections.
Voter List	Names of all people who can vote.
Nomination	Filling a form to stand in election.
Campaign	Asking people to vote for you.
EVM	Machine used to press your vote.
VVPAT	Paper slip that shows your vote.
Ballot Paper	Old paper method of voting.
Code of Conduct	Rules parties must follow in elections.
Delimitation	Drawing borders of voting areas.
Universal Suffrage	Every adult has the right to vote.
Proportional	Seats match the share of votes.

📄 Section 5 — Take-Home Handout

Part A: Fill in the Blanks

People choose leaders through _________.
India uses the _________ voting system.
The voting age in India is _________.
EVM stands for _________.
_________ runs elections in India.

Part B: True or False

Anyone aged 15 can vote. ( )
ECI is free from government control. ( )
In FPTP, you need half the votes to win. ( )
VVPAT gives a paper slip after voting. ( )
Giving money for votes is allowed. ( )

Part C: Match the Columns

Column A	Column B
1. EVM	a. Draws area borders
2. VVPAT	b. Voting machine
3. ECI	c. Paper slip of your vote
4. Delimitation	d. Runs elections
5. Constituency	e. A voting area

Part D: Short Answer (2-3 lines)

Why are elections important for us?
What does the Election Commission do?
What is the Model Code of Conduct?

Part E: Think and Write

What would happen if there were no elections?
Why should every person go and vote?
How do EVMs make voting easier?

✅ Detailed Answers — Take-Home Handout

Part A: Fill in the Blanks — Answers

1. elections
2. First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) system
3. 18 (citizens who are 18 years or older can vote in India)
4. Electronic Voting Machine
5. Election Commission of India (ECI)

Part B: True or False — Answers

1. False — The minimum voting age in India is 18, not 15. This was lowered from 21 to 18 by the 61st Constitutional Amendment in 1989.
2. True — The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a constitutional body that works independently. It is not under the control of the ruling government.
3. False — In the FPTP system, the candidate with the most votes wins — even if that is less than half of all votes cast. They only need to get more votes than any other single candidate.
4. True — VVPAT (Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail) prints a slip showing the voter’s choice for 7 seconds after pressing the EVM button, allowing verification.
5. False — Giving money, gifts, or other benefits to voters in exchange for votes is called bribery and is illegal under the Representation of the People Act. It is an electoral malpractice.

Part C: Match the Columns — Answers

1 → b (EVM — Electronic Voting Machine)
2 → c (VVPAT — Paper slip of your vote)
3 → d (ECI — Runs elections)
4 → a (Delimitation — Draws area / constituency borders)
5 → e (Constituency — A voting area from which one representative is elected)

Part D: Short Answer — Answers

Why are elections important? Elections give every citizen the power to choose their leaders. They make leaders accountable — if a leader does a bad job, people can vote for someone else next time. Elections ensure that power stays with the people in a democracy.

What does the Election Commission do? The ECI announces election dates, registers voters (Voter ID cards), sets the Model Code of Conduct, monitors campaigning, deploys security forces at polling booths, and counts votes fairly.

What is the Model Code of Conduct? It is a set of rules and guidelines all political parties and candidates must follow during the election period. It prevents misuse of government resources, bribery, hate speeches, and other unfair practices. It comes into force when the election schedule is announced.

Part E: Think and Write — Answers

What if there were no elections? Without elections, leaders could stay in power forever with no accountability. There would be no peaceful way for citizens to change the government. This could lead to dictatorship, injustice, and the loss of citizens’ rights and freedoms.

Why should every person vote? Every vote counts — elections are sometimes won by a very small margin. If people don’t vote, parties with fewer supporters can win. Voting is both a right and a civic duty; it is how citizens participate in the democracy.

How do EVMs make voting easier? EVMs are simple to use (just press a button). They are lightweight, portable, and run on batteries (no electricity needed). They give faster, more accurate results and eliminate invalid/spoiled paper ballots. They are also tamper-resistant and durable.

Chapter 7 : Elections
Political Science - Class 9

📝 Section 1 — Classroom Notes

1.1 Why We Need Elections

1.2 First Past The Post (FPTP)

1.3 Proportional Representation

1.4 Constituency and Delimitation

1.5 Election Commission of India (ECI)

1.6 Who Can Vote

1.7 Standing for Election

1.8 Campaigning

1.9 Voting Day and EVMs

1.10 Model Code of Conduct

🎨 Section 2 — Easy Illustrations

2.1 How FPTP Works

2.2 Who Can Vote

2.3 The Voting Process Steps

2.4 EVM and VVPAT

2.5 Election Commission Structure

✏️ Section 3 — Worked Examples

Example 1: Finding the Winner in FPTP

Example 2: Who Can Vote?

Example 3: Model Code of Conduct

📋 Section 4 — Cheat Sheet

📄 Section 5 — Take-Home Handout

Part A: Fill in the Blanks

Part B: True or False

Part C: Match the Columns

Part D: Short Answer (2-3 lines)

Part E: Think and Write

🃏 Section 6 — Revision Flashcards

🧠 Section 7 — Mind Map

✅ Detailed Answers — Take-Home Handout

Part A: Fill in the Blanks — Answers

Part B: True or False — Answers

Part C: Match the Columns — Answers

Part D: Short Answer — Answers

Part E: Think and Write — Answers

Chapter 7 : ElectionsPolitical Science - Class 9

📝 Section 1 — Classroom Notes

1.1 Why We Need Elections

1.2 First Past The Post (FPTP)

1.3 Proportional Representation

1.4 Constituency and Delimitation

1.5 Election Commission of India (ECI)

1.6 Who Can Vote

1.7 Standing for Election

1.8 Campaigning

1.9 Voting Day and EVMs

1.10 Model Code of Conduct

🎨 Section 2 — Easy Illustrations

2.1 How FPTP Works

2.2 Who Can Vote

2.3 The Voting Process Steps

2.4 EVM and VVPAT

2.5 Election Commission Structure

✏️ Section 3 — Worked Examples

Example 1: Finding the Winner in FPTP

Example 2: Who Can Vote?

Example 3: Model Code of Conduct

📋 Section 4 — Cheat Sheet

📄 Section 5 — Take-Home Handout

Part A: Fill in the Blanks

Part B: True or False

Part C: Match the Columns

Part D: Short Answer (2-3 lines)

Part E: Think and Write

🃏 Section 6 — Revision Flashcards

🧠 Section 7 — Mind Map

✅ Detailed Answers — Take-Home Handout

Part A: Fill in the Blanks — Answers

Part B: True or False — Answers

Part C: Match the Columns — Answers

Part D: Short Answer — Answers

Part E: Think and Write — Answers

Chapter 7 : Elections
Political Science - Class 9